Capital markets are platforms where individuals and institutions buy and sell financial securities, such as stocks, bonds, and derivatives. These markets facilitate the flow of capital between investors and issuers, allowing companies and governments to raise funds for investment and growth. Participants in capital markets include individual investors, institutional investors, corporations, and governments, with transactions conducted through stock exchanges, over-the-counter markets, and electronic trading platforms

Litigation and investigation refer to legal processes involving disputes, conflicts, or allegations that require legal resolution or examination. Litigation involves the formal legal proceedings between parties, typically initiated to enforce rights, seek damages, or defend against claims in civil or criminal matters. Investigation encompasses the process of gathering and analyzing evidence to uncover facts, assess legal liabilities, or ensure compliance with regulations or internal policies.

Joint ventures (JVs) are business arrangements where two or more parties collaborate to pursue a specific project, venture, or business opportunity. In a joint venture, participants pool their resources, expertise, and capital to achieve mutual objectives while sharing risks, costs, and rewards. Joint ventures can take various forms, including contractual agreements, partnerships, or corporate entities, and may involve domestic or international partners.

Corporate real estate refers to the real property owned, leased, or used by businesses for their operations, including office buildings, industrial facilities, retail spaces, and land holdings. Real estate decisions can significantly impact a corporation's financial performance, operational efficiency, and strategic objectives. Corporate real estate management involves activities such as site selection, lease negotiation, property acquisition and disposition, facility management, and portfolio optimization.